Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid-capped Silver Nanoparticles Against the Top Five Clinical Bacterial Isolates from Open Fracture Wounds
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Abstract
Introduction: Orthopaedic infections from open fracture wounds remain a significant clinical problem. While the use of silver nanoparticles has become popular because of promising antibacterial properties, clinical application is limited due to unstable particle size during synthesis and storage. Hyaluronic acid, a sugar molecule used by the body for tissue repair, can potentially stabilize silver nanoparticles, but this capability has not yet been proven.
Methodology: The silver nanoparticle (AgNP) was synthesized through a redox reaction using hydrogen peroxide. The hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to modify the surface of the silver nanoparticles by acting as a capping agent. The antibacterial properties were tested against the top five clinical bacterial isolates from Orthopaedic wounds reported by the institution’s Infection Control Committee using the MTT[3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] Assay.
Results: The hyaluronic acid-capped (HA-AgNP) and uncapped (AgNP) silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial properties, and the capped silver nanoparticle exhibited stability. The HA-AgNP were observed to have dose-dependent antibacterial activity. Specifically, at 100 mcg/mL, HA-AgNP exterminated 60% of the clinical isolates including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonae, E. coli, and MRSA with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 42.11, 102, 58.5, 63.2 and 65.6 mcg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The synthesized HA-AgNP showed promising antibacterial activity against the top five clinical bacterial isolates from orthopaedic wound infections, and stable dose-dependent activity as compared to the uncapped AgNP.
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